Superficial temporal artery dilatation in a patient with infectious temporal headache clinically mimicking temporal arteritis.

A 57-year-old woman noticed a pulsatile shooting headache in her right temporal region 3 days after extraction of a tooth from the right mandible. The following day, a localized headache over the right superficial temporal artery (STA), low grade fever, and jaw claudication appeared and progressed subacutely. Seven days after the onset, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography (MRI/MRA) disclosed inflammatory swelling of the right temporal muscle and dilatation of the right STA. All the symptoms disappeared following antibiotic treatment, and neuroimaging findings were improved. In conclusion, MRA is thought to be useful to non-invasively identify reversible inflammatory dilatation of extracranial vessels.